NVIDIA (NASDAQ:NVDA) Analysis — Fair Value US$234 vs US$233.95 (Oct 2026)

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NVIDIA (NVDA) valuation snapshot: Fairly valued, price US$233.95 (2 Oct 2026), fair value US$234, range US$160–295
Valuation snapshot, prices at 2 Oct 2026 close.

Snapshot

ItemValue
Valuation viewFairly valued (+0.2% to fair value)
Current priceUS$233.95 (2 Oct 2026 close; 19.4x forward P/E)
12-month fair valueUS$234 (50% DCF / 50% peers)
Bear–bull rangeUS$160 (-31.4%) to US$295 (+26.2%)
Dividend yield0.4%

Key Takeaways

  • Fairly valued: our fair value of US$234 is in line with the US$233.95 close on 2 Oct 2026 (range US$160–295), so there is no margin of safety.
  • The business is firing: Q2 FY2027 revenue was US$96.2bn (+106% y/y) at a 66.2% GAAP operating margin, with Q3 guided to US$108.0bn.
  • It hinges on margins: base-case cash flows return 10.7% a year at today’s price versus our 13.7% cost of capital; FY2029–31 operating margin is the single biggest lever (US$158–226 per share for ±10 points).

The Verdict

Fairly valued — fair value US$234 (range US$160–US$295), +0.2% vs US$233.95 (2 Oct 2026 close).

What is working is close to everything: Q2 FY2027 revenue of US$96.2bn was up 106% year on year, the GAAP operating margin reached 66.2%, Q3 guidance is US$108.0bn, and management talked of roughly 70% growth in FY2028. The share has risen 25.4% this year to a record and sits 1.7% below its 52-week high of US$237.88. The price already reflects that. Our cash-flow model and peer multiples together put fair value at today’s price, which leaves no margin of safety. On cash flows alone, at our 13.7% cost of capital, the price needs operating margins of about 62–70% through FY2031 instead of fading towards 50% as competition and customer in-house chips arrive; the base-case cash flows return 10.7% a year at today’s price. The single factor that decides it: whether NVIDIA can hold operating margins above ~60% after the current build-out (FY2029–31). That one input moves our DCF more than any other (US$158–226 for ±10 points).

Recent Developments (Last 12 Months)

DateEventWhy it matters
2 Oct 2026Record high: intraday US$237.88; close US$233.95 (+1.3%)Price at peak while consensus targets average US$328
28 Sep 2026Buyback authorization raised by US$150bn to ~US$235bn, to be used through FY2028About 4% of market cap; supports EPS but uses cash that could fund the US$279bn supply commitments
28–29 Sep 2026After the Trump–Xi summit, Asia Times reports NVIDIA plans RTX PRO 5500 shipments to China from late December (~500k/qtr); Blackwell data-center parts still restrictedChina re-entry is upside not in guidance
18–23 Sep 2026Insider sales: director Mark Stevens ~1.37m shares at ~US$220; CFO Colette Kress 34,918 shares (10b5-1); GC Tim Teter 30,460 shares. CEO Jensen Huang’s Sep 2026 Form 4: tax withholding and a 438,000-share gift, no open-market saleSelling by directors and officers; the CEO’s September filing shows no sale
10 Sep 2026US DOJ reported to be probing whether the ~US$20bn Groq licence deal was structured to avoid merger reviewAntitrust overhang on deal-making
2–3 Sep 2026Agreement to acquire Hugging Face for ~US$11.9bn plus up to ~US$1.0bn retention equity (8-K); close expected H1 2027Software/ecosystem moat extension; regulatory approval needed
26 Aug 2026Q2 FY2027: revenue US$96.2bn (+106%), Data Center US$89.0bn, GAAP EPS US$2.46; Q3 guide US$108.0bn ±2% with no China data-center compute assumedBeat-and-raise cadence intact
27 Aug 2026Target raises: Raymond James US$352→515, Evercore 413→465, Bernstein 315→400, JPMorgan 280→320, UBS 280→300Street-high target US$515
17 Aug 20268-K: residual value guarantees for SB Energy/OpenAI Ohio campus, obligation capped at US$105bn (~4.25 GW)Large contingent exposure to one customer ecosystem
27 Jul 2026Shares fell ~5% on reports NVIDIA may backstop US$250bn of OpenAI compute leases (“circular financing”)Financing-loop risk now priced in news flow
1 Jul 2026Nicholas Parker (ex-Microsoft) named EVP Worldwide Field Operations from 24 Aug, succeeding the retiring Ajay PuriSales leadership change
June 2026Long-term debt rose from US$7.5bn (Jan) to US$32.4bn (Jul) after note issuesStill net cash; first meaningful leverage in years
20 May 2026Q1 FY2027: revenue US$81.6bn (+85%); quarterly dividend raised from US$0.01 to US$0.25; US$80bn buyback addedCapital return step-change
31 Mar 2026OpenAI closes US$122bn round; NVIDIA a participant (reported at ~US$30bn in Feb 2026)Equity exposure to its largest customer ecosystem
29 Dec 2025US$5bn Intel stake closes: 214.7m shares at US$23.28Strategic stake; now a sizeable mark-to-market gain
Next: 17 Nov 2026Q3 FY2027 results after the US close (Wall Street Horizon lists the date as confirmed)Test of the US$108bn guide

Key Numbers

MetricValueBasis
Forward P/E19.4xNTM, stockanalysis, 2 Oct 2026
Price / book24.8xEquity US$229.0bn at 26 Jul 2026
Revenue growth+106%Q2 FY2027 y/y
Cost of equity / WACC13.7% / 13.7%rf 5.28% + 1.69 adj. beta x 5% ERP
Supply & capacity commitmentsUS$279bn26 Jul 2026, up from US$119bn a quarter earlier
Drawdown from high−1.7%52-wk range US$164.27–237.88

1. Business & Moat

NVIDIA designs accelerated-computing platforms: GPUs, CPUs, networking (InfiniBand, Spectrum-X Ethernet, NVLink), systems and the CUDA software stack. Since Q1 FY2027 it reports two market platforms — Data Center (Hyperscale, and AI Clouds, Industrial & Enterprise) and Edge Computing (PCs, workstations, consoles, automotive, robotics) — while keeping two reportable segments, Compute & Networking and Graphics.

Q2 FY2027 (to 26 Jul 2026)Revenuey/y
Data CenterUS$89.0bn+117%
— HyperscaleUS$48.7bn+102%
— AI Clouds, Industrial & EnterpriseUS$40.3bn+138%
Edge ComputingUS$7.2bn+27%
TotalUS$96.2bn+106%

Customers: concentrated. In FY2026 two direct customers were 22% and 14% of revenue; in Q2 FY2027 one was 16%, and five customers held 10–22% of receivables each. Geography (by customer headquarters): US US$149.6bn, Taiwan US$42.3bn, China incl. Hong Kong US$19.7bn (down from US$25.0bn), other US$4.3bn in FY2026. Guidance: Q3 FY2027 revenue US$108.0bn ±2%, gross margin 74.0% ±50bp, non-GAAP opex ~US$9.0bn, no China data-center compute revenue assumed.

NVIDIA quarterly revenue and GAAP operating margin
Chart 1. Quarterly revenue (reported vs Q3 guidance midpoint and Q4 consensus) and GAAP operating margin. Sources: NVIDIA releases, stockanalysis quarterly, Yahoo consensus.
NVIDIA FY2026 revenue by market platform
Chart 2. FY2026 revenue by market platform (old reporting framework). Source: FY2026 10-K.
NVIDIA revenue by customer headquarters, FY2025 vs FY2026
Chart 3. Revenue by customer headquarters, FY2025 vs FY2026. Source: FY2026 10-K.

Porter’s Five Forces

ForceStrengthEvidence
RivalryRisingAMD trades at 57x forward earnings on 52% expected growth; Broadcom custom silicon growing; Intel re-entering
Buyer PowerHighTop customers 16–22% of revenue; hyperscalers building in-house accelerators
Supplier PowerHighUS$279bn supply/capacity commitments, mostly memory; dependence on TSMC
Threat of SubstitutesMediumCustom ASICs and inference chips (e.g. Groq technology, now licensed by NVIDIA)
Threat of EntryLowCUDA ecosystem, networking, system-scale integration and US$18.5bn FY2026 R&D

Moat verdict: wide but contested. The software, networking and systems lead is real and showing in a 75% gross margin. The risk is not losing the market but sharing it at lower margins once supply catches up.

2. Leadership & Capital Allocation

ItemDetail
CEOJensen Huang, co-founder; 870.6m shares = 3.58% (23 Mar 2026). FY2026 total pay US$36.3m; CEO-to-median ratio 129:1
CFOColette Kress
Other changesNicholas Parker EVP Worldwide Field Ops (from 24 Aug 2026); Scott Gawel CAO (from 4 May 2026)
Insider DealingsHuang completed his 2025 10b5-1 sale plan on 31 Oct 2025; his Sep 2026 Form 4 shows tax withholding and a gift, no sale. Executives and directors sold ~US$846.7m in the three months to Sep 2026 (GuruFocus), incl. director Mark Stevens ~1.37m shares in Sep
Returns vs HurdleROE 101.5% in FY2026 vs a 13.7% cost of equity
BuybacksUS$40.4bn (282m shares) in FY2026 per the 10-K; US$39.0bn paid in H1 FY2027; ~US$235bn authorization after 28 Sep 2026
DividendUS$0.25 per quarter since May 2026 (was US$0.01)
DebtShort-term US$1.0bn + long-term US$32.4bn vs cash and marketable debt securities US$56.6bn (26 Jul 2026)
DilutionDiluted shares 24,532m (Q2 FY2026) → 24,285m (Q2 FY2027), −1.0%
M&A / Investments~US$20bn Groq licence (Dec 2025); US$5bn Intel stake; reported ~US$30bn in OpenAI’s US$122bn round; up to US$10bn Anthropic; Hugging Face ~US$11.9bn pending

3. Financial health

US$mFY2022FY2023FY2024FY2025FY2026TTM (Q2 FY27)
Revenue26,91426,97460,922130,497215,938302,970
Operating Income10,0415,57732,97281,453130,387197,579
Net Income9,7524,36829,76072,880120,067192,880
Diluted EPS (US$)0.390.171.192.944.90—
Free Cash Flow8,1323,80827,02160,85396,676127,006
Stock-Based Comp2,0042,7093,5494,7376,3867,241
ROE44.8%17.9%91.5%119.2%101.5%117.2%

Latest period Q2 FY2027: revenue US$96,221m, GAAP operating income US$63,734m, net income US$59,688m, operating cash flow US$24,077m, FCF US$21,341m.

NVIDIA FY2026 income cascade
Chart 4. FY2026 income cascade. Source: FY2026 10-K / stockanalysis.
  • Gains flatter GAAP EPS: Q2 FY2027 GAAP net income includes ~US$7.8bn of equity-investment gains; non-GAAP EPS (US$2.22) is below GAAP (US$2.46).
  • Cash conversion dipped: Q2 operating cash flow was US$24.1bn against US$59.7bn net income as receivables reached US$63.1bn (60 days) and inventory rose to US$31.6bn for Vera Rubin.
  • Off-balance-sheet: US$279bn supply commitments, US$29bn cloud service agreements and a guarantee capped at US$105bn for the Ohio OpenAI campus.
  • SBC is small relative to profit: US$7.2bn TTM, about 3.8% of net income.

4. Risks

Macro & Regulatory

  • Serious: China export controls: Q3 guide assumes zero China data-center compute; H200 shipments were under 1% of Q2 Data Center revenue and carry a 25% US tariff on import.
  • Serious: Antitrust: China’s preliminary finding on Mellanox conditions; reported DOJ probe of the Groq deal; French and other information requests.
  • Watch: Rates: a 5.28% 10-year yield makes long-duration cash flows worth less.

Operational & Competitive

  • Critical: Margin fade: our base case lets operating margin drift from 66% to 50% by FY2031; the price assumes it stays ~62–70%.
  • Serious: Customer concentration and in-house chips at the largest buyers.
  • Serious: Supply commitments of US$279bn (mostly memory) would bite if demand pauses.

Financial & Governance

  • Serious: Circular financing: equity stakes in and guarantees for customers (OpenAI ~US$30bn stake; US$105bn guarantee cap).
  • Watch: Earnings quality: investment gains inside GAAP profit; ~US$847m of executive and director selling in the three months to Sep 2026.

5. Catalysts

WhenMeasurable testOdds (our estimate)
17 Nov 2026Q3 FY2027 revenue ≥ US$108.0bn guide midpoint80%
17 Nov 2026Q4 FY2027 guide ≥ US$124.3bn (current Q4 consensus)60%
Late Dec 2026First RTX PRO 5500 shipments to China confirmed45%
H1 2027Hugging Face deal closes70%
Feb 2027FY2027 revenue ≥ US$411.6bn consensus70%

Bull case vs consensus: consensus (Yahoo, 58 analysts) has FY2028 revenue at US$683bn and EPS at US$15.70, up 22% in 60 days; management’s ~70% FY2028 growth comment implies ~US$700bn. Our bull case (FY2028 +75%, margins ~60%+ held to FY2031, 22x exit) gives a DCF of US$300.

6. Valuation Suite

6a. Cost of Capital

InputValueSource / note
Risk-free (US 10-yr Treasury)5.28%US Treasury par yield curve, 2 Oct 2026
Own 2-yr Weekly Beta vs S&P 5001.84IBKR weekly closes, Oct 2024 – 2 Oct 2026 (104 weeks)
Peer Median Beta (Check)2.23Median of the 8 peers, stockanalysis, 2 Oct 2026
Raw Beta Used2.03Average of the two, as they differ by more than 0.3 (rule)
Adjusted Beta (0.67×Raw+0.33)1.69Blume adjustment
Equity Risk Premium5.0%Developed market
Size / Illiquidity Premium0.0%Mega-cap, highly liquid
Cost of Equity13.74%Risk-free + adjusted beta × ERP
Debt Weight / After-tax Cost of Debt0.6% / 5.0%6% pre-tax cost of debt is an assumption (note coupons NOT FOUND)
WACC13.69%

6b. Discounted Cash Flow (DCF)

US$bnFY2027 (H2 only)FY2028FY2029FY2030FY2031
Revenue (Full Year)410.2683.3819.9885.5921.0
Growth+90%+66.6% (consensus)+20%+8%+4%
EBIT Margin64.5%63%58%53%50%
FCFF108.6318.5376.6382.1379.2

FY2027 revenue = H1 actual US$177.8bn + Q3 guide US$108.0bn + Q4 consensus US$124.3bn; only H2 cash flow is counted because cash at 26 Jul 2026 is already in net cash. Tax 16.5%; reinvestment 15% of revenue growth; D&A 1.3% of revenue. Net cash and investments US$66.0bn (cash and debt securities US$56.6bn + equity securities US$42.8bn − debt US$33.4bn); 24,285m diluted shares.

CaseKey differencesPerpetuity (g)Exit EV/EBITDADCF value
BearFY2028 +40%, flat/down to FY2030, margin to 40%US$76 (3.0%)US$100 (12x)US$88
BaseConsensus FY2028, fade to +4%, margin to 50%US$143 (3.5%)US$241 (17x)US$192
BullFY2028 +75%, +30%/+12%/+6%, margin ~58–65%US$196 (4.0%)US$404 (22x)US$300

Implied discount rate: the base-case cash flows equal today’s price at 10.7%, versus our 13.7% WACC. The 17x exit multiple matches QCOM (17.0x) and sits below the 19.7x median of the peers growing under 35% a year (19.7x would give US$207); a 24.5x exit would be needed to justify the price on the base path.

DCF sensitivity: WACC vs exit EV/EBITDA
Chart 5. DCF sensitivity (base case). Rows: WACC; columns: exit multiple; base case outlined. Values in US$ per share.

6c. Residual Income

FY2027 (H2)FY2028FY2029FY2030FY2031
Net income (US$bn, model)125.1359.4397.1391.9384.5
Residual income (US$bn)114.7317.7325.7287.7248.0
ROE on opening book166%118%76%52%39%

Opening book US$229.0bn (26 Jul 2026); payout 40% (H1 FY2027 cash returns were ~38% of net income); cost of equity 13.7%. Value with full persistence (3.5% growth): US$108; with 50% persistence: US$53; average US$80. Justified P/B at a 39% long-run ROE = (ROE − g)/(CoE − g) = 3.4x versus 24.8x today. Residual income punishes NVIDIA because almost all of its value sits in future excess returns, not in book. Shown for reference only (0% weight) — asset-light, P/B above 10x.

6d. Peers (Stockanalysis, Prices at 2 Oct 2026)

TickerPriceMkt capFwd P/EEV/EBITDA3-yr growth fcst
NVDAUS$233.95US$5.65tn19.4x28.0x60.6%
AMDUS$633.91US$1.03tn57.4x107.3x51.9%
AVGOUS$355.14US$1.70tn20.5x33.1x62.1%
TSMUS$472.78US$2.04tn20.1x19.7x34.5%
INTCUS$119.33US$627bn70.9x38.5x16.0%
MUUS$1,074.89US$1.21tn6.1x10.5x31.4%
QCOMUS$184.87US$197bn19.9x17.0x5.4%
MRVLUS$272.29US$239bn49.9x84.3x47.5%
ARMUS$307.49US$328bn128.8x305.6x30.0%

Peer method: median forward P/E of peers growing under 35% a year (TSM, INTC, MU, QCOM, ARM) = 20.05x, applied to FY2028 consensus EPS of US$15.70 and discounted one year at the cost of equity = US$277. Cross-check: all-peer median EV/EBITDA 35.8x on TTM EBITDA ~US$201bn = US$300. On multiples NVIDIA looks cheap; on cash flows it does not.

6e. Single-lever Test

Input changed aloneLowHighSwing
FY29-31 EBIT margin -10pt/+10ptUS$158US$226US$68
FY29 growth 0%/+40%US$164US$220US$57
Exit EV/EBITDA 13x/21xUS$170US$214US$45
WACC ±2ptUS$217US$173US$44
FY28 growth 40%/75%US$163US$201US$38
Terminal g 2.5%/4.5%US$188US$197US$10

The biggest lever is the FY2029–31 operating margin: ±10 points moves the base DCF from US$158 to US$226. Readers with a different model should compare this input first.

7. Synthesis

MethodInputsValuevs priceWeightWeighted
DCF (avg of terminal methods)WACC 13.7%, g 3.5%, 17xUS$192-17.9%50%US$96
Residual income (reference)Book US$229bn, CoE 13.7%, full/50% persistenceUS$80-65.7%0%—
Peers20.05x FY2028 consensus EPS (US$15.70), discounted 1 yrUS$277+18.3%50%US$138
Fair valueUS$234+0.2%100%US$234
Bear / Base / BullEach method re-run on its caseUS$160 / US$234 / US$295-31.4% / +0.2% / +26.2%

How much rests on consensus: the peer value uses Wall Street’s FY2028 EPS of US$15.70, which needs revenue up ~67%. If FY2028 revenue grows 40% instead (our bear path, EPS ~US$13.19 at the same margin), the peer value falls to US$233 and the blended fair value to about US$212 (-9%).

Method change (4 Oct 2026): an earlier draft used a 5-year beta of 2.22 (cost of equity 14.4%) and gave residual income 30% weight, for a fair value of US$180. Our rules now use a 2-year weekly beta cross-checked with peers and give residual income no weight for asset-light companies. Using NVIDIA’s own 2-year beta alone (cost of equity 13.1%) would give about US$239; the view is “Fairly valued” either way.

Margin of safety: none — the price sits on our fair value. A 30% margin of safety would mean a price of about US$164. On cash flows alone the market is using a 10.7% discount rate against our 13.7%.

8. Technicals

NVIDIA weekly candlesticks, five years, with 50- and 200-week averages and RSI
Chart 6. Weekly candlesticks, Oct 2021 – 2 Oct 2026, with 50- and 200-week simple moving averages, supply/demand zones and weekly RSI-14. Source: IBKR.

Trend: up. The close of US$233.95 is above the 50-day (US$218), 100-day (US$214) and 200-day (US$201) averages, and above the 50-week (US$198) and 200-week (US$118). The 50-day has stayed above the 200-day throughout the period the 200-day can be measured (no cross in the last year’s data). Momentum: daily RSI-14 63 and weekly 61 — firm, not overbought; the MACD histogram is positive and rising (0.83 vs 0.37 a week ago). Volatility: 20-day ATR US$5.48. The heaviest one-year volume-by-price node is US$180–188.

LevelPriceBasis
Resistance 2US$243.81Weekly pivot R2
Resistance 1US$238.88Weekly pivot R1 / just above the US$237.88 record
CurrentUS$233.952 Oct 2026 close
Support 1US$228.02Weekly pivot S1
Support 2US$218.2850-day average
Support 3US$189.86–192Late Jun–Jul 2026 lows; top of US$180–192 demand zone
Support 4US$164.2752-week low (30 Mar 2026)

Our Dated Calls

Pre-registered for public scoring. Price-based calls are on total return after typical trading costs (~0.1% round trip).

#CallProbabilityScored on
1Q3 FY2027 revenue ≥ US$108.0bn80%Q3 release (17 Nov 2026)
2Q3 FY2027 GAAP gross margin ≥ 73.5%75%Q3 release (17 Nov 2026)
3Q4 FY2027 revenue guide ≥ US$124.3bn60%Q3 release (17 Nov 2026)
4NVDA total return from US$233.95 is negative after costs50%2 Apr 2027
5NVDA closes below US$200 at least once40%By 2 Apr 2027
6FY2028 consensus revenue (Yahoo) ≥ US$683bn65%1 Feb 2027

Bull Case

  • Q3 guide of US$108bn and ~70% FY2028 growth talk point to revenue near US$700bn in FY2028.
  • 75% gross margin and 66% operating margin show pricing power intact as Vera Rubin ramps.
  • ~US$235bn buyback authorization equals about 4% of market cap.

Bear Case

  • On cash flows, the price needs operating margins of ~62–70% through FY2031; our base fades them to 50%.
  • Customer concentration (largest 16–22%) and growing in-house chips at those customers.
  • US$279bn supply commitments and a US$105bn guarantee cap raise the cost of any demand pause.

FAQ

What is NVIDIA’s fair value?

Our 12-month fair value is US$234 per share (range US$160–US$295), from a 50/50 blend of our cash-flow model (US$192) and peer multiples (US$277).

Is NVIDIA undervalued?

No — we see it as fairly valued. At US$233.95 (2 Oct 2026) it trades almost exactly at our US$234 fair value. It looks cheap on multiples (19.4x forward earnings) but expensive on cash flows at a 13.7% cost of capital; the two roughly cancel out.

What are the main risks for NVIDIA?

Operating margins fading from 66% as competition and in-house chips grow, customer concentration (one customer was 16% of Q2 revenue), US$279bn of supply commitments, and China export and antitrust actions.

When are NVIDIA’s next results?

Q3 FY2027 results are scheduled for 17 November 2026 after the US close (Wall Street Horizon lists the date as confirmed). Guidance is US$108.0bn revenue.

Does NVIDIA pay a dividend?

Yes: US$0.25 per share per quarter since May 2026 (raised from US$0.01), about 0.4% a year at the current price; it also has about US$235bn of buyback authorization.

Method and sources

Fair value blends an unlevered DCF (50%, average of perpetuity-growth and exit EV/EBITDA terminal values) and a peer P/E method (50%); a residual-income model is shown for reference with no weight, because NVIDIA is asset-light (P/B 24.8x). The cost of equity uses a 2-year weekly beta against the S&P 500 from IBKR data, cross-checked with the peer median. Price and technicals are from Interactive Brokers daily and weekly bars to 2 Oct 2026. Where articles and live data disagreed, live data was used: some reports said NVDA closed up 2.9% on 2 Oct, but exchange bars show a US$233.95 close, +1.3%. Figures independently fact-checked against the linked sources on 2026-10-04; revised valuation re-checked the same day.

Not located: Q2 FY2027 compute vs networking split; FY2027 Gaming/Pro Viz/Automotive (no longer reported); 12-month insider sale totals; historical and implied volatility; coupon on 2026 notes (6% cost of debt assumed); frequency basis of the peers’ published betas; prior-year CEO pay; peer historical growth; exact US nominal GDP (terminal growth 3.5% is an assumption).

Analysis only, not a recommendation to buy or sell any security. Figures as at 2 Oct 2026; sources linked. The author holds a position in NVDA.

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